Asl Critical

Psych position paper help pleaseeeeee?

i need to select either behavior or nativist theories of language acquisition. then it asks what is the interactionist view, and how has it arisen out of the dissatisfaction with the two other approaches?

then it says to get background info and be sure to discuss the views of Chomsky, Skinner, and the Interactionists. Include info from Lenninberg and critical periods, the Genie experiment, teaching animals to use language and teaching children ASL.

unfortunately, i have no idea of what any of the above things are, except i have a small idea of what the genie expreiment was about. and i cannot understand the complex language of what the paper is aksing for.

thankssssssssssss!

You should have listened in class, all the info is right here but you need to search it yourself. E-mail me if you need something that may not be clear in the info provided. I suggest that you get on it now. Don’t try and spend the weekend out at the mall !

Nativist theories
Nativist theories hold that children are born with an innate propensity for language acquisition, and that this ability makes the task of learning a first language easier than it would otherwise be. These “hidden assumptions”[2] allow children to quickly figure out what is and isn’t possible in the grammar of their native language, and allow them to master that grammar by the age of three.[3] Nativists view language as a fundamental part of the human genome, as the trait that makes humans human, and its acquisition as a natural part of maturation. They believe that children learning language are no different from dolphins learning to swim or songbirds learning to sing.

[edit] Language acquisition device and Universal Grammar
Noam Chomsky originally theorized that children were born with a hard-wired language acquisition device (LAD) in their brains.[1] He later expanded this idea into that of Universal Grammar, a set of innate principles and adjustable parameters that are common to all human languages. According to Chomsky, the presence of Universal Grammar in the brains of children allow them to deduce the structure of their native languages from “mere exposure”.

Much of the nativist position is based on the early age at which children show competency in their native grammars, as well as the ways in which they do (and do not) make errors. Some research suggests that infants are born able to distinguish between phonemes in minimal pairs, distinguishing between bah and pah, for example.[2] Another source of support for this viewpoint is that young children (under the age of three) do not speak in fully formed sentences, instead saying things like ‘want cookie’ or ‘my coat.’ They do not, however, say things like ‘want my’ or ‘I cookie,’ statements that would break the syntactic structure of the phrase, a component of universal grammar.[2] Children also seem remarkably immune from error correction by adults, which nativists say would not be the case if children were learning from their parents.[3]

[edit] Critical period hypothesis
Main article: Critical Period Hypothesis
The possible existence of a critical period for language acquisition is another nativist argument. Critical periods are time frames during which environmental exposure is needed to stimulate an innate trait. Young chaffinches, for example, must hear the song of an adult chaffinch before reaching maturity, or else would never be able to sing. Nativists argue that if a critical period for language acquisition exists (see below), then language acquisition must be spurred on by the unfolding of the genome during maturation.[3] Much research on the critical age period or window of opportunity (Robertson) http://www.asian-efl-journal.com/marcharticles_pr.php see the Asian EFL Journal http://www.asian-efl-journal.com

Linguist Eric Lenneberg stated, in a 1964 paper, that a critical period of language acquisition ends around the age of 12 years. He claimed that if no language is learned before then (see Feral children), it could never be learned in a normal and fully functional sense. This was called the “Critical period hypothesis.” However, the opponents[who?] of the critical period hypothesis say that in this example the child is hardly growing up in a nurturing environment, and that the lack of language acquisition in later life may be due to the results of a generally abusive environment rather than being specifically due to a lack of exposure to language.

The critical period hypothesis of brain plasticity and learning capacity has been called into question. Other factors may account for differences in adult and child language learning. Children’s apparently effortless and rapid language acquisition may be explained by the fact that the environment is set up to engage them in frequent and optimal learning opportunities. By contrast, adults seem to have an initial advantage in their learning of vocabulary and syntax, but may never achieve native-like pronunciation.[4] A more up-to-date view of the Critical Period Hypothesis is represented by the University of Maryland, College Park instructor Robert DeKeyser. DeKeyser argues that although it is true that there is a critical period, this does not mean that adults cannot learn a second language perfectly, at least on the syntactic level. DeKeyser talks about the role of language aptitude as opposed to the critical period.[citation needed]

[edit] Creolization
Main article: Creole language
More support for the innateness of language comes from the deaf population of Nicaragua. Until approximately 1986, Nicaragua had neither education nor a formalized sign language for the deaf. As Nicaraguans attem

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